Arrested by Confederate Vigilance Committee in 1861.  Imprisoned in Montgomery, Tuscaloosa, Macon, and Libby Prison, where eventually escaping and returning to the Pensacola area.  Appointed a 1st Lt by Gen. Asboth in the 1st FL Cav US at Ft. Pickens on 29 Mar 1864.  Injured on 27 Sep 1864 in combat during the Battle at Marianna, FL, receiving a gunshot woudn to the left side of his head, that fractured his skull.  He recovered, and he was promoted to Capt. 15 Mar 1865.  He was discharged on 17 Nov 1865 in Tallahassee.  After the war, he was an editor of a Pensacola newspaper.  His wife died during the 1880s. He died in 1899 of inflamation of the bladder. He had 4 children.  He was prominent Mason and Knights Templar.  

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